The Crises That Led to the Fed’s Creation: Monetary Policy in American History

Join us for a journey through the history of American monetary policy—including the crises that led to the Federal Reserve’s formation—with Owen Humpage, Cleveland Fed economist emeritus.

Thursday, July 16, 2026
1:00 PM - 2:00 PM  ET

Hybrid Event

The event will be offered both virtually and in person at the Bank’s location in downtown Cleveland. Following the session, in-person attendees may tour the Bank’s main building, constructed in 1923. 

The Federal Reserve (or “the Fed”), America’s central bank, was established by Congress in 1913 mainly to conduct monetary policy. But how were these policy decisions handled before the Fed existed?

What you’ll discover

Humpage will take guests across the tumultuous monetary policy landscape of the 19th and early 20th centuries, including

  • The institutions that conducted monetary policy before the Fed’s creation such as the nation’s first quasi-central banks, the US Treasury, and even a private bank organization—and why all of them were unsuccessful.
  • The various economic and political crises that forced America’s monetary function to evolve.
  • How the Fed was designed to help prevent future crises, including the importance of credibility, clear guidelines, and Fed independence to monetary policy.

Whether you’re curious about pre-Fed monetary policy or just into history, this is your chance to hear from an expert who spent his career at the Fed and who’s still studying its origins. No economics degree required—just bring your curiosity!

Humpage will answer questions during the question-and-answer portion of the event. Attendees can also submit questions in advance through the registration form.

Speakers

Speaker

Owen F. Humpage

Economist Emeritus
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
Moderator

Chuck Soder

Senior Media Relations Specialist
Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland