This scientific meeting is sponsored by the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director (NIH OD) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and hosted by the Chemical Medical Countermeasures (Chem MCM) Program and Chemical Countermeasures Research Program (CCRP), administered respectively by ASPR/BARDA and NIH/NIAID. The views expressed in written conference materials or publications and by speakers and moderators at HHS-sponsored conferences do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), nor does mention of trade names, commercial practices, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.